His brother Roman I conquered the Hungarian-ruled Cetatea Alb in 1392, giving Moldavia an outlet to the Black Sea, before being toppled from the throne for supporting Fyodor Koriatovych in his conflict with Vytautas the Great of Lithuania. [104], On 24 May 2022, the former president of Moldova, Igor Dodon, was arrested. Moldova Formerly known as Bessarabia, this region was an integral part of the Romanian principality of Moldavia until 1812, when it was ceded to Russia by its suzerain, the sultan of the Ottoman Empire. She took tenth place with 109 points. [190], The 1991 Declaration of Independence names the official language Romanian. The landscape of Moldova is a predominantly hilly plateau crossed by . This makes for a total of 1,682 localities in Moldova, two of which are uninhabited.[137]. strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second-largest country in Europe after Russia People and Society Population 43,528,136 (2022 est.) [23] After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the country began to use the Romanian name, Moldova. Moldova is one of the poorest countries in Europe, but wealth is far more evenly distributed than in most. On 26 April 2022, authorities from the Transnistria region said two transmitting antennas broadcasting Russian radio programs at Grigoriopol transmitter broadcasting facility near the town of Maiac in the Grigoriopol District near the Ukrainian border had been blown up and the previous evening, the premises of the Transnistrian state security service had been attacked. Despite a small contraction in 2012, Moldova's economic performance was among the strongest in the region during 201013. Free shipping for many products! [150], After the breakup of the USSR in 1991, energy shortages, political uncertainty, trade obstacles and weak administrative capacity contributed to the decline of Moldova's economy. According to IMF World Economic Outlook April 2014, the Moldovan GDP (PPP) per capita is 3,927 International Dollars,[167][168] excluding grey economy and tax evasion. [211], The total fertility rate (TFR) in Moldova was estimated in 2015 at 1.56 children/woman,[213] which is below the replacement rate of 2.1. Following the regional financial crisis in 1998, Moldova has made significant progress towards achieving and retaining macroeconomic and financial stabilization. According to the 2014 census preliminary data, 2,998,235 inhabitants lived in Moldova (within the areas controlled by the central government), an 11.3% decrease from the figure recorded at the 2004 census. "[100] Prime Minister Natalia Gavrilita stated on 28 February 2022 that Moldova should rapidly move to become a member of the European Union;[101] the country submitted a formal application for EU membership on 3 March 2022,[102] and was subsequently granted the status of candidate country by the European Council on 23 June 2022[103] along with Ukraine. Other winners of the Moldovan National Division include Zimbru Chiinu, Dacia Chiinu, FC Tiraspol and Milsami Orhei. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The signing came after the accord was drafted in Vilnius in November 2013. Romanian forces, working with the Germans, deported or massacred about 300,000 Jews[citation needed], including 147,000 from Bessarabia and Bukovina. During the periods 1812-1917 and 194489, Moldovans were influenced by Russian and Soviet administrative control as well and by ethnic Russian immigration.[222]. The economy of Moldova began to change in 2001; and until 2008, the country saw a steady annual growth between 5% and 10%. The country of Moldova has developed a fascinating and varied culture over hundreds of years, heavily influenced by European, Balkan, and Russian cultures, that has been celebrated and appreciated by both locals and tourists alike. The new Russian province was called Oblast of Moldavia and Bessarabia, and initially enjoyed a large degree of autonomy. Most of Moldova's Jewish population emigrated between 1979 and 2004. In line with FSAP recommendations, significant weaknesses in the legal and regulatory frameworks must be urgently addressed to ensure stability and soundness of the financial sector. Conrad Landin takes a look at the country and its tormented past. In the east, the Dniester is the main river, flowing through the country from north to south, receiving the waters of Rut, Bc, Ichel, Botna. As of 1 January 2016, the population of Republic of Moldova was estimated to be 4,067,485 people. The largest city in Moldova is Chiinu with a population of 635,994 people. The Moldovan Intelligence and Security Service has estimated that 600,000 to one million Moldovan citizens (almost 25% of the population) are working abroad. Ruxandra Lupu, the daughter of Moldavian voivode Vasile Lupu who married Tymish Khmelnytsky, lived in Racov according to Ukrainian tradition. "[131] In 2009, when Moldova experienced its most serious civil unrest in a decade, several civilians, including Valeriu Boboc, were killed and many more injured. Today, Moldova is the poorest country in Europe. The ethnic groups in Moldova include Moldovan (75.1%), Romania (7%), Ukrainian (6.6%), Gagauz (4.6%), Russian (4.1%), and others (3.22%). These include education, infrastructure, financial sector, business climate, energy consumption, pension system, and judicial framework. Mircea Snegur was elected as Speaker of the Parliament, and Mircea Druc as Prime Minister. [12] Moldova is a member state of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, and the Association Trio. [24] During the Neolithic Age, Moldova's territory stood at the centre of the large CucuteniTrypillia culture that stretched east beyond the Dniester River in Ukraine and west up to and beyond the Carpathian Mountains in Romania. In February, Moldova, a country of 3.5 million squeezed between Ukraine and Romania, held an inconclusive parliamentary election. Moldova is divided into 32 districts (raioane, singular raion), three municipalities and two autonomous regions (Gagauzia and the Left Bank of the Dniester). The National Library of Moldova was founded in 1832. [89] The country reported its first death from the disease on 18 March 2020, when the total number of cases reached 30. [citation needed] Infotag is the state news agency. Ethnic Germans left in 1940. The country's cultural heritage was marked by numerous churches and monasteries built by the Moldavian ruler Stephen the Great in the 15th century, by the works of the later renaissance Metropolitans Varlaam and Dosoftei, and those of scholars such as Grigore Ureche, Miron Costin, Nicolae Milescu, Dimitrie Cantemir[g] and Ion Neculce. The Sfatul rii proclaimed the Moldavian Democratic Republic (December 15[O.S. Moldova (/mldov/ (listen) mol-DOH-v, sometimes UK: /mldv/ MOL-d-v;[13][14][15] Romanian pronunciation:[moldova]), officially the Republic of Moldova (Romanian: Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. Main dishes include beef, pork, potatoes, cabbage, and a variety of cereals. [199] For the 2004 census, Orthodox Christians, who make up 93.3% of Moldova's population, were not required to declare the particular of the two main churches they belong to. The Treaty of Paris (1856) returned the southern part of Bessarabia (later organised as the Cahul, Bolgrad and Ismail counties) to Moldavia, which remained an autonomous principality and, in 1859, united with Wallachia to form Romania. The country acceded to the provisions of the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in October 1994 in Washington, D.C. In a country with a population of 3.5 million, of which 1 million are abroad, there are more than 700,000 pensioners. Moldova has been an official candidate for membership in the European Union since June 2022. Resisting pre-election pressures for selective spending increases and returning to the path of fiscal consolidation would reduce reliance on exceptionally high donor support. The people of this civilization, which lasted roughly from 5500 to 2750 BC, practised agriculture, raised livestock, hunted, and made intricately designed pottery.[25]. After achieving independence from the Soviet Union, Moldova's foreign policy was designed with a view to establishing relations with other European countries, neutrality, and European Union integration. The country is landlocked, though it is close to the Black Sea; at its closest point it is separated from the Dniester Liman, an estuary of the Black Sea, by only 3km of Ukrainian territory. A strong Western European influence in Moldovan literature and arts was prevalent in the 19th century. Among Moldova's most prominent composers are Gavriil Musicescu, tefan Neaga and Eugen Doga. Moldovans, sometimes referred to as Moldavians ( Romanian: moldoveni [moldoven], Moldovan Cyrillic: ), is a term used to describe the Romanian-speaking indigenous people of the Republic of Moldova and the largest self-declared ethnic group of the Republic of Moldova (75.1% of the population as of 2014) as well as a significant minority During the year reports of government exercising undue influence over the media substantially decreased." W.Slavic includes languages such as Czech , Polish and Slovak . [21] The origin of the name of the river remains unclear. For all of his success, it was under the reign of Alexander I that the first confrontation with the Ottoman Turks took place at Cetatea Alb in 1420. In August 1939, the MolotovRibbentrop Pact and its secret additional protocol were signed, by which Nazi Germany recognized Bessarabia as being within the Soviet sphere of influence, which led the latter to actively revive its claim to the region. Shipping on the lower Prut and Nistru rivers plays only a modest role in the country's transportation system. Locals referred to the principality as Moldova - like the present-day republic and Romania's north-eastern region. [171] The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova managed to stay in power for eight years. [142] Forests currently cover only 11% of Moldova, though the state is making efforts to increase their range. On 27 August 1991, as the dissolution of the Soviet Union was underway, the Moldavian SSR declared independence and took the name Moldova. Over the longer term, Moldova's economy remains vulnerable to political uncertainty, weak administrative capacity, vested bureaucratic interests, corruption, higher fuel prices, Russian pressure, and the separatist regime in Moldova's Transnistria region. [231] The most prestigious cycling race is the Moldova President's Cup, which was first run in 2004. DAN MORAR/SHUTTERSTOCK. On 23 December 1994, the Parliament of Moldova adopted a "Law on the Special Legal Status of Gagauzia", and in 1995, the latter was constituted. [187], The official language of Moldova is Romanian, a Romance language. [115] The money was to supplement US$570 million in International Monetary Fund loans,[116] World Bank and other bilateral support already granted to Moldova. [63] The Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Moldova is assessing the activity of the communist totalitarian regime. For the historical principality, see, Romanian language (Moldovan) by district (2014), Union with Romania and the return of the Russians, Reincorporation into Romania and the Soviet occupation, Transnistria breaks away (1990 to present). The heaviest rainfall occurs in early summer and again in October; heavy showers and thunderstorms are common. [166] But "Transnistrian authorities continued to harass independent media and opposition lawmakers; restrict freedom of association, movement, and religion; and discriminate against Romanian speakers. If you look at Slavic languages, there is a decent degree of mutual intelligibility, especially from languages that border each other. Although historical, the polarization based on ethnolinguistic criteria of the majority ethnic group reappeared with the national revival movement of the late 1980s, and, so far, there is no consensus regarding the mainstream identity in the Republic of Moldova (Moldovan or Romanian).[177][178]. Among these were many Bessarabians, such as Alexandru Donici, Alexandru Hjdeu, Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu, Constantin Stamati, Constantin Stamati-Ciurea, Costache Negruzzi, Alecu Russo, Constantin Stere. On 7 June, the Constitutional Court, which is largely believed to be controlled by Vladimir Plahotniuc[83] from the Democratic Party, announced that they had temporarily removed the sitting president, Igor Dodon, from power due to his inability to call new parliamentary elections as the parliament did not form a coalition within three months of the validation of the election results. [45] On April 9[O.S. Under Stephen I, growing Polish influence was challenged by Sigismund of Hungary, whose expedition was defeated at Ghindoani in 1385; however, Stephen disappeared in mysterious circumstances. [27] The Bolohoveni disappeared from written chronicles after they were defeated in 1257 by Daniel of Galicia. "[130], According to Amnesty International, as of 2004 "Torture and other ill-treatment in police detention remained widespread; the state failed to carry out prompt and impartial investigations and police officers sometimes evaded penalties. Russian was used in relations with citizens from other parts of the Soviet Union. Moldova's pro-Western and pro-Russian factions became increasingly divided since Russia's invasion of Ukraine. [75] In March 2012, Nicolae Timofti was elected as president of Moldova in a parliamentary vote, becoming the first full-time president since Vladimir Voronin, a Communist, resigned in September 2009. It has, furthermore, implemented many structural and institutional reforms that are indispensable for the efficient functioning of a market economy. Since 2000, however, the country's GDP (PPP) grew significantly:[17][151]. In February 1918, it declared independence and then integrated into Romania later that year following a vote of its assembly. Romania has membership in several international organizations, including the United Nations, NATO, and the European Union. [227], Most retail businesses close on New Year's Day and Independence Day, but remain open on all other holidays. In 1856, southern Bessarabia was returned to Moldavia, which three years later united with Wallachia to form Romania, but Russian rule was restored over the whole of the region in 1878. Produsul intern brut n anul 2012, date actualizate, Produsul intern brut n Republica Moldova n anul 2013, date actualizate, Economia Moldovei a nregistrat o crestere de 4,6%, n 2014, i constituie 111 miliarde de lei, "Economia Republicii Moldova, n SCDERE n 2015; Ultimele cifre de la Statistic", "BNS: Economia Republicii Moldova a crescut cu 4,5% n anul 2017", "Salariului mediu lunar pe economie in anul 2018 este de 6150 lei / Editorial / Monitorul fiscal FISC.md", "INS: Salariul mediu pe economie, n cretere n iunie", " 2018 ! [117] According to a lending agreement signed in February 2010, Poland provided US$15 million as a component of its support for Moldova in its European integration efforts. Archaeological research has identified the location of 13th-century fortified settlements in this region. Many families have their own recipes and grape varieties that have been passed down through the generations. The Russian strike was targeting a Ukrainian dam on the Nistru river that runs through Moldova and Ukraine. The Soviet government conducted a campaign to promote a Moldovan ethnic identity distinct from that of the Romanians, based on a theory developed during the existence of the Moldavian ASSR. [104] The Russian army has a military base and a large ammunition dump in the region. [64] The motives behind this move were fear of the rise of nationalism in Moldova. Moldova portal. The culture of Moldova is influenced primarily by the Romanian origins of its majority population, while also being heavily indebted to the Slavic and minority Gagauz populations. The country's main cities are the capital Chiinu, in the centre of the country, Tiraspol (in the eastern region of Transnistria), Bli (in the north) and Bender (in the south-east). Trnt (a form of wrestling) is the national sport in Moldova. From 1992 to 2001, the country suffered a serious economic crisis, leaving most of the population below the poverty line. [59][60] In 19461947, at least 216,000 deaths and about 350,000 cases of dystrophy were accounted by historians in the Moldavian SSR alone. [118] The first joint meeting of the Governments of Romania and Moldova, held in March 2012, concluded with several bilateral agreements in various fields. [18] Miletii Mici is the home of the largest wine cellar in the world. Greeks, Armenians, Poles, Ukrainians, although not numerous, were present as early as the 17th century, and have contributed cultural marks. It was a brief war between Moldovan and separatist Transnistrian forces, with Russia intervening militarily on Transnistria's side. [58], In the postwar period, the Soviet government organized the immigration of working age Russian speakers (mostly Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians), into the new Soviet republic, especially into urbanized areas, partly to compensate for the demographic loss caused by the war and the emigration of 1940 and 1944. Flights were banned to Spain, Italy, France, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Cyprus, Germany, Ireland, the U.K., Poland, Portugal and Romania. [80] Concerns over statewide corruption, the independence of the judiciary system, and the nontransparency of the banking system were expressed. An anti-government protests in front of the general prosecutor's headquarters in Moldova's capital, Chiinu. In 20012003, relations between Moldova and Russia improved, but then temporarily deteriorated in 20032006, in the wake of the failure of the Kozak memorandum, culminating in the 2006 wine exports crisis. It is home to three terrestrial ecoregions: Central European mixed forests, East European forest steppe, and Pontic steppe. The 19th century saw the arrival of many more Ukrainians from Podolia and Galicia, as well as new communities, such as Lipovans, Russians, Bulgarians, and Germans. Economic activity grew cumulatively by about 24 percent; consumer price inflation was brought under control; and real wages increased cumulatively by about 13 percent. In 1946, as a result of a severe drought and excessive delivery quota obligations and requisitions imposed by the Soviet government, the southwestern part of the USSR suffered from a major famine. Moldova's dependence on Russian energy is underscored by a growing US$5 billion debt to Russian natural gas supplier Gazprom, largely the result of unreimbursed natural gas consumption in the separatist Transnistria region. Moldova has access to the Danube for only about 480m (1,575ft), and Giurgiuleti is the only Moldovan port on the Danube. The agreement is part of Moldova's strategy to reform its military and cooperate with its neighbours. On 27 August 1989, the FPM organized a mass demonstration in Chiinu that became known as the Grand National Assembly. [35][non-primary source needed] Many Moldavians were members of Cossacks units, with two of them, Ioan Potcoav and Dnil Apostol becoming hetmans of Ukraine. [58] Other forms of Soviet persecution of the population included political arrests or, in 8,360 cases, execution. [17] The unrecognised state of Transnistria lies across the Dniester river on the country's eastern border with Ukraine. The official language is Romanian. Moldova. It occupies an area of 92,046 square miles and has a population of slightly more than 20 million people. [217] Health expenditure was US$138 (PPP) per capita in 2004. Three months later, on 2 March 1992, the country gained formal recognition as an independent state at the United Nations. The early 2000s also saw a considerable growth of emigration of Moldovans looking for work (mostly illegally) in Russia (especially the Moscow region), Italy, Portugal, Spain, and other countries; remittances from Moldovans abroad account for almost 38% of Moldova's GDP, the second-highest percentage in the world, after Tajikistan (45%).[68][69]. On 19 December 2016, Moldovan MPs approved raising the retirement age to 63 years[112] from the current level of 57 for women and 62 for men, a reform that is part of a 3-year-old assistance program agreed with the International Monetary Fund. [18] However, the strip of Moldovan territory on the east bank of the Dniester has been under the de facto control of the breakaway government of Transnistria since 1990. [16] It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. [218] According to a 2009 study, Moldova was struggling with one of the highest incidence rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the world. Montenegro has the lowest population of Slavs with just over 621,000. Government "banned all gatherings of over 50 people until 1 April 2020 and closed all schools and kindergartens in an attempt to curb the spread of the virus". The government entered into agreements with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to promote growth. The identity of the group members is still unknown. It is an interesting process. Then Zdob i Zdub again represented Moldova in the 2011 Eurovision Song Contest finishing 12th. Moldova has a climate which is moderately continental; its proximity to the Black Sea leads to the climate being mildly cold in the autumn and winter and relatively cool in the spring and summer.[138]. After the 19901992 War of Transnistria, Moldova sought a peaceful resolution to the conflict in the Transnistria region by working with Romania, Ukraine, and Russia, calling for international mediation, and co-operating with the OSCE and UN fact-finding and observer missions. The former prime minister, Pavel Filip from the Democratic Party, said that new parliamentary elections would be held on 6 September and refused to recognize the new coalition, calling it an illegal government. Officially, the name Republic of Moldova is designated by the United Nations. The history of what is today Moldova has been intertwined with that of Poland for centuries. The economy recovered from the drought-related contraction in 2012. But, says Eastern Europe scholar. Christmas is celebrated either on 7 January, the traditional date in Old Calendarists Eastern Orthodox Churches, or on 25 December, with both dates being recognized as public holidays. [97] She resigned on 10 February 2023.[98][99]. [134] Moldova improved its legislation by enacting the Law on Preventing and Combating Family Violence, in 2008.[135]. Carla's Dreams reached the top charts in multiple countries in Europe with the release of their song "Sub Pielea Mea" in 2016. In 1538, the principality became a tributary to the Ottoman Empire, but it retained internal and partial external autonomy. Between the first and seventh centuries AD, the south came intermittently under the control of the Roman and then the Byzantine Empires. dollars. . This area of present-day Moldova was inhabited by ancient Dacians and Moldovans identify themselves with their ancestors. [54] Uprisings against Romanian rule took place in 1919 at Khotyn and Bender, but were eventually suppressed by the Romanian Army. The country's only post-Soviet president, . [224], Moldovan cuisine is similar to neighbouring Romania, and has been influenced by elements of Russian, Turkish, and Ukrainian cuisine. In November 2014, Moldova's central bank took control of Banca de Economii, the country's largest lender, and two smaller institutions, Banca Sociala and Unibank. The first million mobile telephone users were registered in September 2005. Its identity with the Romanian language was also established. [129], On 12 November 2014, the US donated to Moldovan Armed Forces 39 Humvees and 10 trailers, with a value of US$700,000, to the 22nd Peacekeeping Battalion of the Moldovan National Army to "increase the capability of Moldovan peacekeeping contingents. Association football is the most popular team sport in Moldova. Moldovameaning the former sovjet republic of Moldova, which is a smaller part of the Romanian historical province of Moldova, is a state. [26] In 1164, the future Byzantine emperor Andronikos I Komnenos, while attempting to reach the Principality of Halych, was taken prisoner by Vlachs, possibly in the area which now constitutes Moldova. Europe's Poorest Country (2001) - We take a look at the continent's poorest country, Moldova.Subscribe to Journeyman here: http://www.youtube.com/subscriptio. The main means of transportation in Moldova are railways 1,138km (707mi) and a highway system (12,730km or 7,910mi overall, including 10,937km or 6,796mi of paved surfaces). The Moldovans, Romania, Russia and the Politics of Culture , 2000. [221], Moldova's cultural tradition has been influenced primarily by the Romanian origins of its majority population, the roots of which go back to the second century AD, the period of Roman colonization in Dacia. [87], In March 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the government called a "national red code alert" as the number of coronavirus cases in the country rose to six on 13 March 2020. 24 January]1918 and requested the assistance of the French army present in Romania (general Henri Berthelot) and of the Romanian Army. It has a vineyard area of 147,000 hectares (360,000 acres), of which 102,500ha (253,000 acres) are used for commercial production. In 2000, the Constitution was amended, transforming Moldova into a parliamentary republic, with the president being chosen through indirect election rather than direct popular vote. Cristina Petrescu, "Contrasting/Conflicting Identities:Bessarabians, Romanians, Moldovans" in, Andrew Higgins, "In Expanding Russian Influence, Faith Combines With Firepower,", compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, second poorest country in Europe by GDP per official capita, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Moldova, Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova, April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests, Parliament failed to elect a new president, Commission for constitutional reform in Moldova, Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine, Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, UN Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief, International Union for Conservation of Nature, too many charts, tables or uncontextualized data, controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova, Moldovan Intelligence and Security Service, "Vot ISTORIC: Sintagma limba romn" va lua locul limbii moldoveneti" n toate legile Republicii Moldova", "Limba moldoveneasc" dispare din toate legile Rep.Moldova, fiind nlocuit cu sintagma limba romn", "Preedintele CCM: Constituia confer limbii ruse un statut deosebit de cel al altor limbi minoritare", "Chiinu, (21.01.2021) Judectorii constituionali au decis c limba rus nu va avea statutul de limb de comunicare interetnic pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova", "Preedintele CC Domnica Manole, explic de ce a fost anulat legea cu privire la statutul special pentru limbia rus", "Recensamntul Populaiei si al Locuinelor 2014", "Numrul populaiei cu reedina obinuit pe medii i sexe, n profil teritorial, la nceputul anilor 2014-2022", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022", "The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", GDP per capita, PPP (current international $), "EU awards Ukraine and Moldova candidate status", "The End of the Soviet Union; Text of Accords by Former Soviet Republics Setting Up a Commonwealth", "GEOARCHAEOLOGY OF THE EARLIEST PALEOLITHIC SITES (OLDOWAN) IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS AND THE EAST EUROPE", "Phase and chemical composition analysis of pigments used in Cucuteni Neolithic painted ceramics", "Cetatea Soroca a Moldovei (1499 prezent)", Letopiseul ri Moldovei, de cnd s-au desclecat ara, "Bessarabia, Chapter X: The Survival of Roumanian", "ChapterVIII: Russia organizes the province", "Mennonite-Nogai Economic Relations, 18251860", "Sfatul rii proclaimed the Moldavian Democratic Republic", "The 1947 Soviet Famine and the Entitlement Approach to Famines", "Foametea din anii 19461947 din RSS Moldoveneasc: cauze i consecine", "Political Repressions in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic after 1956: Towards a Typology Based on KGB files Igor Casu", "Romanian Nationalism in the Republic of Moldova", "Legea cu privire la functionarea limbilor vorbite pe teritoriul RSS Moldovenesti Nr.3465-XI din 01.09.89 Vestile nr.9/217, 1989", Russia's Hostile Measures: Combating Russian gray zone aggression against NATO in the contact, blunt, and surge layers of competition, "Remittance flows to developing countries are estimated to exceed US$300 billion in 2008", "Information Campaign to Increase the Efficiency of Remittance Flows", "The protest initiative group: LDPM is the guilty one for the devastations in the Chiinu downtown", "EU flags flying on the Presidency and Parliament, to calm the masses", "Moldovan referendum appears to flop on low turnout", "Moldova going to third election in two years", "Nicolae Timofti finally elected Moldova President", "New Moldavan pro-European coalition formed", "Audit links local tycoon to $1bn Moldovan bank fraud", "Moldova, Hunting Missing Millions, Finding Only Ash", "Moldovan prime minister Pavel Filip says 'last chance' to end national crisis", "UE se autosesizeaz: Moldova se ndreapt spre dictatur!