Ahmed and Nedhal werent his friends. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. His mother, father, little brother Waleed, and baby sister Hana barely manage to escape the . A telegram from Papa! The Brownshirt whod taken his father away on Kristallnacht had said, Well come for you soon enough, but Josef hadnt waited. Isabel regretted that its brass was a little tarnished, but it was the most valuable thing she owned. Mahmoud barely had time to yell Run! and drag Waleed and his sister away before the whole building came crashing down into the street, thundering like a jet fighter. It was better not to have friends in Syria in 2015. Not everyone did it anymore, but to Lito it was like an art form. excluding an estimated 2.5 million nomads; 24,532,000 (2006E, including nomads). Isabels father, Geraldo Fernandez, had always been a handsome man, but he didnt look it now. (including. Josef watched as they dragged Papa away to the sounds of Mamas sobs and Ruths wails. Didnt Castro say it was all right to leave? They had walked for hours in the hot sun without a bath, without a change of clothes. The steward couldnt see because of the big platter he held, and as he fumbled with the knob he lost his hold on the tray and the whole thing came crashing down with a great clatter. Here they were, talking like two regular people, but Josef hadnt forgotten he was Jewish. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Isabel dodged through the crowds, trying to stay away from where the police had formed a line. Get out. The captain himself has arranged it, Mama said. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Luiss girlfriend gasped and then suddenly exploded with laughter. Yell if you see someone coming, Renata said breathlessly. Ruthie would have started kindergarten that year if Jews were still allowed to go to school. Underneath this painting were the words, FIGHT AGAINST THE IMPOSSIBLE AND WIN. They yelled and chanted. Alan Gratz the front cover. Thankyouthankyouthankyou. The Hitler Youth breathed hard, his face red like he was the one in trouble. Papis eyes were wide as he stood from the kitchen table. There was a riot on the Malecn, Lito said. Struggling with distance learning? The Adventure A former teacher, doctor, rescue worker, and media activist relate their experiences of love, death, and survival from a besieged Syrian suburb. Captain, asked a rabbi, one of the men who was leading the service, I wonder if we might take down the portrait of the Fhrer, given the circumstances. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. The boat was heavy in Isabels arms, and she was afraid of dropping it, even though there were five other people carrying it with her. It wasnt there anymore. Papi! But she was too short and there were too many people. Tomorrow,' he'd told Mahmoud's father." Alan Gratz author Refugee book Youssef Bishara character despair refugees smugglers concepts 07 Search 6 Witzhave solar panel installation companies to find the best solar panel installation company for your project. He brandished a pistol at Mahmouds family and demanded money before forcing them to flee. Mahmouds father kept their papers tucked into his pants under his shirt, along with all of their moneythe only other things they owned now besides two phones and two chargers. Search 51 Witzhave carpet installers to find the best carpet contractor for your project. Without these stupid armbands, without the letter J stamped on his passport, would anyone know he was Jewish? Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. The car skids to a stop, and Youssef, Fatima (with Hana), Mahmoud: Kilis, Turkey 2015, 2 days from home, Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 4 days from home, Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days from home (1), One week after the boat to Greece was originally supposed to arrive, the smuggler tells, Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days from home (2), Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (1), Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (2), Fatima continues to sob at having given away Hana, and, Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (3). the crossing from Turkey. He had to get up. They pluck Mahmoud and, Mahmoud: Lesbos, Greece, to Athens, Greece 2015, 12 days from home (3). Well, Fidel is thickheaded, Luis said. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. But why? Mahmouds dad waited for a pause in the gunfire, then scrambled back up the ridge for the car. Mahmoud: Hungary 2015, 16 days from home, Hours pass without food or water, and Mahmoud and Youssef dont know where Waleed and, Mahmoud and Youssef line up, they pass another cell for women and children and find, be sent back to Serbia. To no longer be a child. They looked tired and poor and wretched. Refugee Important Quotes 1. Hes going to have his bar mitzvah next Shabbos. A bar mitzvah was the ceremony at which a boy officially became a man under Jewish law. Across the room, Josefs little sister, Ruth, was still asleep. Maybe one day visit the real St. Louis. What does mahmoud father instruct them to do when they get on the ferry boat? Which side do you support? The question was as dangerous as his gun. But each of them had an automatic rifle, which was really all that mattered. Youre old enough to be her grandfather. Lito just took that as a challenge. Josef wished they could stay on board the St. Louis forever. A roar like a hot wind rising outside. Josef remembered a time in class, back when he was allowed to go to school. No, you idiot, Google Maps is better, said his friend. Please! Mahmoud cried. The MS St. Louis had left all that behind. Castro out! Enough is enough! Isabel couldnt believe what she was hearing. Were going to latch all the stalls from the inside and crawl out under the doors so no one can use the toilets! No, dont Josef tried to tell them, but they were already gone. Im a man now. And when those soldiers said one of us could go free and the other would be taken to a concentration camp, Josef said, Take me.. Something in the darkness outside his room moved with a grunt and a scuffle. Bishar al-Assad. No, my son is just twelve. The man threw his arms around Mama. Whats happened? Mr. Sarraf asked Mahmoud, and then he saw the missing wall and his eyes went wide. Mahmoud finally sees the power of visibility when he decides to walk out of the Hungarian detention center and lead the other refugees on a 12-hour march to Austria. Youssef Mahmouds mom warned. Hundreds of Germans have come forward to provide food, drink, and other goods. In the second it took for the sound to grow from a breeze to a tornado, Mahmoud dropped his pencil, put his hands to his ears, and threw himself under the kitchen table. Waleed! His novel weaves together the stories of three children: A Jewish boy whose family tried to escape Nazi Germany on a ship called the St. Louis in the 1940's; a Cuban girl who flees Havana on a raft. Papa was scaring her. He remembered the map of the world that hung in his classroom. Things will get better. More ships full of refugees? A recent tally has placed the reported death toll for this journey across the Mediterranean at above 15,000 since only 2014,and the actual number is likely much higher). Isabel was eleven years old, and all lanky arms and legs. The soldiers throw tear gas and take the refugees into custody,loading the subdued refugees up in trucks and driving them to a detention facility almost all the way to Austria. I want to watch American television, Ivn said. Create a list of books you want then share it with family and friends. I found us a ride, but we have to leave now.. Just four years ago, their home city of Aleppo had been the biggest, brightest, most modern city in Syria. The woman was dressed in a white satin dress and veil. With a jolt of surprise, Mahmoud realized this kind of thing did happen every day. Praise for Refugee A New York Times Notable Book An Amazon Best Book of the Year A Kirkus Reviews Best Book of the Year A Publishers Weekly Best Book of the Year A Junior Library Guild Selection This heart-stopping novel is not only compellingit is necessary. Judy Blundell, National Book Awardwinning author of What I Saw and How I Lied With urgent, clear-eyed storytelling, Refugee compellingly explores the desperation and strength that unites those struggling for a place to call home. Eliot Schrefer, New York Times bestselling author and two-time National Book Award finalist for Threatened and Endangered Powerful. Josefs breath caught in his throat and Ruthie cried out and buried her face in Josefs stomach as their papa pulled the two of them into a hug. The ship was called the MS St. Louis. It wasnt just his building that had been hit, he realized. Your hijab, Dad said. For me, Josef said instead. We didnt ask you to come along! Its our gasoline! Isabels father yelled. He found his mother in the crowd. Theres no service again. His only distinguishing characteristics are big ears and wire-rimmed glasses. He hadnt forgotten that if he were wearing his armband, this When the Fernandezes and Castillos are caught in a storm on their journey to Miami, Seor Castillo is flung into the ocean, and Isabel jumps in to save him, demonstrating Isabels incredible maturity. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. She saw her papi just as he reared back and threw a bottle that smashed into the line of police along the seawall. A hand grabbed her, making her jump, and she spun around. Nono! The other policeman shook out his long black hair, and Isabel was startled to realize it wasnt a policeman at all. He sobbed with the effort of fighting off the mans fingers and hanging onto the dinghy. Hes just a boy. After the week, they return to the mall but two men threaten them and demand an exorbitant amount of money in order to stay. I promise. Once you were in one of the EU countries, though, like Greece or Hungary or Germany, you could apply for asylum and be granted official refugee status. More than half their village was on the sand, clapping, waving, and cheering on the boats. Or Lzaro? Those are all boy names! Isabel said. Everywhere around them, people fled into the streets, covered in gray dust and blood. His uncle had worn a tuxedo and his bride had worn a dress of sparkling jewels and a tiara, and they had been escorted by a dozen cars to a party where Mahmoud had eaten a piece of the delicious seven-tiered cake and danced with his mother to a real band. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. No, no, her mother said. It hasnt been for months. Isabel takes on a great of responsibility for her family due to the upheaval in which she lives. However, they end up driving straight into some enemy soldiers who attack the car. An incredibly important, heartrending, edge-of-the-seat read, bringing light to the plight of immigrants who search for safety and freedom. Pam Muoz Ryan, author of the New York Times bestseller and Newbery Honor Book Echo Full of struggle, heroism, and non-stop adventure. Kimberly Brubaker Bradley, author of the New York Times bestseller and Newbery Honor Book The War That Saved My Life His mother and father, Fatima and Youssef Bishara decide to leave Syria because the war got too intense and hit them personally. I have his ticket, she told the sailor. And a place where her father wouldnt be beaten or arrested. They become friends with Josef and Ruthie in Refugee. He was afraid they were going to pull him inside, but instead they deposited him by the door. Disappear. Theres no reason to go throwing yourself onto a raft in the ocean, Lito said. I dont have time for games, he would tell me. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. She lifted the trumpet to her lips. Refugee by Alan Gratz (18) Josef and his sister followed their mother through the crowd at the Lehrter Bahnhof, Berlins main railway station. Mahmoud is a twelve-year-old boy "with a long, strong nose, thick black eyebrows, and short-cropped black hair" (12). Josef, a refugee, is somewhere across the Atlantic Ocean, 8 days from home, in 1939. He stood taller, tugged at the bottom of his brown shirt to straighten it, then turned and marched away. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Mahmoud then gives, Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (3), Greece. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Even Castro stopped talking, and the TV went back to showing the baseball game. Validate reading with our Dynamic Quiz System. Fidel Castro, the man who ruled Cuba as president and prime minister, wouldnt allow anyone to leave the countryespecially not to go to the United Statesel norte, as Cubans called it. Isabel tossed an old ball cap on the ground, on the off chance that one of the tourists actually had a peso to spare. Thank you. The police were shooting at them! Ive got a route for us, Mom said. He shook his head as he paced their little room in his oversized nightclothes. Teachers and parents! It had fallen five stories to the ground below, along with the outside wall. Amara laughed and Luis smiled. Tell me something I dont know, Seor Castillo said. Buy tickets. He wanted to look away, but he was worried that might make the guards think he was hiding something. It wasnt my mother and father, and you, Lito. He spotted the piece of candy Josef had bought for Ruth and took it. Without their parents on the ship, they had skipped synagogue to play. Down with Fidel! Papi! Isabel cried. The residence of her family. Women with burns. Chi-CHAK! And now they were in line with him, all those hundreds of people and thousands more, and they werent invisible anymore. Two girls around Ruthies age wearing matching flowery dresses were leaning over the railing and giggling. But a few years ago, in 1989, the Soviet Union had fallen, and Cuba had hit rock bottom. Overjoyed, Mahmouds father agrees and the man makes arrangements for them. No, we Isabel! Three times a day they ate delicious meals in a dining room laid out with white linen tablecloths, crystal glasses, and shining silverware, and stewards waited on them hand and foot. Lito shook his head. Senora Castillo had mishandled the boat, which had landed up on the sand. Josef and Ruth clung to each other, terrified and wet-faced with tears. Shed never known any other life except this one. But they werent in Cuba anymore, were they? The captains in a tight spot, he is. He scared Josef too. No one is coming to help us. Instead of running away, should Mahmoud and his father join the rebels and fight to win their country back? Mahmouds dad kept driving. She leaped down off the hood of the car and pushed her way through the pandemonium. Russia, Iran, and Sunni Muslims are allied to Al-Assad and they are fighting the rebels who are backed by Turkey, the Gulf Arab States, Jordan, and partially the USA. Ivn! his father called from next door. Havana was rioting, and her father and grandfather were somewhere right in the middle of it. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. When the Jewish refugees are rejected from entering Cuba and it seems likely that the ship is going to take them back to Germany, Josef works with other passengers to try to take the ship hostage so that they can avoid this fate. The smuggler had just told them their boat wasnt leaving tonight. Do you have any relatives back in Miami that you want to send a message to? the reporter asked. Shia should know their place! We can be in Turkey by tomorrow. This wasnt what the tourists had paid for. to accommodate the crowd. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Mahmoud could hear music beyond the fence. Smoke rose from behind an apartment building. Josef raised himself up. In the gallery above, Josef saw one of the crew slam a fist down on the railing and storm off. Amahl Bishara, Tufts University . Three. Josef wasnt ready. Germany was somewhere up north, in the heart of Europe. T he main characters in Refugee are Josef Landau, Isabel Fernandez, and Mahmoud Bishara. The second time, his boat had a motor, but hed been caught by the Cuban navy and had ended up in jail. I found a bit of dead fish on the beach for the cat. Isabel recoiled at the smell, but the kitten came running back, eating greedily from Ivns hand. . Only the TV wasnt there anymore. Youre bleeding was all he said. My brother, just a boy, becoming a man at last. Nobody knew a wave of revolutions would sweep through the Middle East, toppling governments and overthrowing dictators and starting civil wars. Or Javier? The timeline below shows where the character Hana Bishara appears in Refugee. She wore a dark blue wool dress with a white sailors collar and carried her white corduroy stuffed rabbit, Bitsy, everywhere she went. No! Josef screamed. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Without Russias gas, they couldnt run the tractors to change the fields over to food, and without the extra food, the Cuban people began to starve. A hat to shield his face from the sun. He didnt even leave to go to the bathroom. Theres no food to feed the baby here anyway, Isabel said. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Go back south, one of the soldiers told Mahmouds father. Slowly, shakily, Josef lifted his eyes from the black shoes to the white socks, brown shorts, brown shirt, and red Nazi armband of a Hitler Youth. Nothing was more important than making it to Florida. She dropped to her knees and pulled them both into a hug. We need more writers. He waved a hand at all the magazines and newspapers. The "Middle East & Africa Air Barrier market" is divided into vapour permeable and vapour impermeable materials, according to recent industry data. They collapsed behind one of the lifeboats, panting and giggling. One group is handing out diapers. Well go without you. They left him pacing the room, muttering to himself. Mahmouds father gives the man what he asked for and hurries the family away. Mahmoud sat in the middle row of desks in his classroom, where the teacher wouldnt call on him. One group is handing out diapers. No boat today. Struggling with distance learning? She tells Mahmoud that they will find, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Im sorry. Josef decided to find out. A social worker approaches Mahmouds family and asks if they are seeking asylum in Germany (Germany accepted 124,845 Syrian refugees in 2017 and the EU as a whole accepted 538,000 total refugees). If his parents had died in the airstrike, would he want revenge on their killers? The people on board try to push them off, afraid they will capsize the fragile boat. And what is your name, pretty one? Lito asked her. Russian airstrikes have hit here and here in support of that Alawite pig Assad, and American drones are attacking Daesh here and here. Mahmouds eyes went wide. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Here, Mahmoud emphasizes that being invisible serves as a form of protection for him: the less he is noticed, the less likely it is for him to be attacked. I just want to keep my family safe, Dad said. Mahmoud sank to the floor of the old Mercedes station wagon and tried to disappear. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. An Industriales baseball game played on the television in the corner, and Isabels grandfather turned down the volume. For as long as he could remember, hed wanted this. In the year 1938, Josef Landau is a twelve-year-old Jewish child living in Berlin, Germany. (including. Missiles and bombs thudded nearby, close enough to shake loose parts of walls. He recalls, We barely made it, the boat sunk, and many people perished. Mahmoud arrived on a barren Greek island, where he was picked up by another boat. The soldier with the iPhone scrolled up the map to see their destination. -Graham S. The president and prime minister of Cuba during the period of, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. He wrapped them all in a hug and kissed little Hana on the forehead. She wanted to stay in Germany, Evelyne said. Like this? Please, Isabel begged. Isabel sipped from a bottle of soda. His brother. He wore sandals, shorts, a short-sleeved, button-down shirt, and a cap with a fancy letter I on itthe logo We went out the back stairs, she told them. High above her, Isabel saw people climbing out onto the big electric sign hanging from the side of a tourist hotel, and it gave her an idea. When another raft made out of an old refrigerator sank, everyone laughed. Everyone on the crew had treated Josef and his family with kindness and respect, despite his fathers repeated warnings that all Germans were out to get them. His sister. Please, take us with you!, At least take my sister! Mahmoud begged. Today she was wearing her usual around-the-house attire: jeans and a pink nurses shirt she used to wear to work. She trades her trumpet for gasoline in order to get the boat to start. It was an old blue Opel taxi, traveling so slowly Mahmoud could walk faster. Instant PDF downloads. While hed been praying, Waleed joined him. Isabel noticed her father and grandfather heading down the road toward the city to stand in line for food. Thank God youre all alive! he cried. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. From the Nazis. Isabel thrust her trumpet into his arms. Answers: 1. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." We can sell the car there and make our way north, to Germany. Everyone stopped while Mahmouds father walked ahead. After the June 2005 election of hard-liner Mahmoud Ahmadinejad as Iran's president, however, the situation deteriorated. 'No boat today. (Bishara 1993) The implication of such a position is that the Palestinian citizens in Israel do not take an active part in a classical anti-colonialist struggle, while . Refugee Character Analysis Josef Landau Josef is a 13-year-old Jewish boy living in Germany in the 1930s. They left as suddenly as they had come, and Josef and his sister and mother huddled together on their knees in the middle of the room. Instant PDF downloads. Josef shuddered. A fist closed around Josefs heart, and he dove for the armband. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. It was like somebody was sitting on his chest. What religion does Josef follow? Dad, our house is gone! Mahmoud told him. Theyll stop us. The United States only let in a certain number of Jews every year, so Josefs family planned to live in Cuba while they waited. Papi had already tried to flee Cuba twice. Refugee by Alan Gratz Published by Scholastic Press on 2017 Genres: Immigration and Emigration Pages: 338 Mahmoud didnt have any friends. Germany? There wasnt another ship on the horizon as far as he could see. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. With a battle cry that would have made Wolverine proud, Mahmoud had launched himself at Khalids attackers. All we have now are two backpacks and our phones. I saw what you did, he said. Try as she might, she had never heard it, never felt it. The Nazis hadnt said it with words, but the message was clear: Josef and his family werent wanted in Germany anymore. This is what they do. The Brownshirt in charge laughed. Not without Josefs father. She had bright eyes, wild brown hair cut in a bob and parted on the side, and a little gap between her two front teeth that made her look like a chipmunk. A son on the way! Isabels father and grandfather yelled at each other about dictators and freedom and families and responsibility. It had been before Kristallnacht, before the Nuremberg Laws that made Jews second-class citizens, before the boycotts and book burnings. After Aleppothe near-constant gunfire and explosions, punctuated by the oppressive quiet of an entire city trying their hardest not to draw attention to themselvesthis place felt alive, even if it was dusty and cramped. You made it! The rioters and police traded rocks and bullets, and a man with a bloody head staggered past Isabel. Khalid was clever. Mahmoud is doing homework, stopping briefly at prayer time, when a bomb hits their building. His papa looked nothing like the man whod been dragged away from their home six months ago. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. Isabel spends much of the dangerous trip acting as an adult: she takes care of her eight-and-a-half-months pregnant mother, Teresa; she saves Seor Castillo when he is thrown overboard by waves; and she spends much of the trip relentlessly bailing out water from their boat so that they can continue their journey. Isabels narrative is eerily similar to that of many Cubans under the dictatorship of Fidel Castro. But they had never told Isabel and her family. Two of the policemen had broken from the group and were running toward the water. At prayer time, Mahmoud, his family, and many of the other refugees stop to pray, disturbing the tourists that are traveling with them. Mahmoud, wheres your mother? His gas-powered fishing boat rocked gently at a little pier nearby. It also made it to the NYTimes Best Seller list. After halting the vehicle on the highway, what did the Serbian taxi driver do? His eyes looked like they were going to pop out of their sockets. No. The day they had gotten Papas telegram, Josefs mother booked tickets for all four of them to the only place that would take them: an island half a world away called Cuba. With the trumpet in one arm and the kitten in the other, she ran the few blocks to the beach, where she banged on the door of a fisherman her grandfather knew. They are taken to the home of an elderly German couple who agree to take them in until they get settled. This article discusses what its like to live in Syria during a conflict. But if he looked right at them, they would Isabel put her hands to her mouth but couldnt help laughing again with everyone else. At first Josef thought the teacher was going to ask him to do a math problem on the board. We can wait our turn. The startled man at the front of the line motioned for them to go ahead, and Josefs mother thanked him. Josef's journey. But the Nazis had told them to get out of Germany twice now, and the Landau family wasnt going to wait around to see what the Nazis would do next. Ever since the Soviet Union had collapsed, the only currency most Cubans had were the booklets you got stamped when you went to pick up your food rations from the store.